[成果] 从复杂系统角度看科学学The science of science: From the perspective of complex systems Abstract

来源: 作者: 发布时间:2017-10-30 浏览次数:

作者:An Zeng, Zhesi Shen, Jianlin Zhou, Jinshan Wu, Ying Fan, Yougui Wang, H. Eugene Stanley,

杂志:Physics Reports

网址:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2017.10.001

 

 

我校系统科学学院副教授曾安受邀在物理学权威综述期刊《Physics Reports》发表题为The science of science: From the perspective of complex systems的综述文章。这是我校第二篇以北京师范大学作为第一单位在《Physics Reports》发表的综述文章。该期刊五年影响因子为22.0,在所有物理学期刊中排名第二。

 

 

科学学是一个快速发展的新兴研究领域,它旨在运用大规模的科学论文发表数据来理解科学演进中涌现出的复杂现象,挖掘驱动它们的潜在机制并对它们进行建模。相关研究可以推动一系列实际问题的解决,如学校层面的优秀人才挑选和国家层面的科技发展策略制定等。近年来,科学学吸引了大量来至复杂性科学的研究者。所研究的内容也逐渐从文章和科学家影响力排序拓展到整个科学系统的结构,动力学以及演化机制方面的研究。系统科学的很多研究手段如复杂网络,人类动力学和多主体建模等方法被广泛的运用到科学学中。本文从复杂系统角度梳理了近些年科学学领域的研究进展,包括了实证研究,网络分析,机制模型,排序,预测等方面内容。最后,本综述还指出了现有科学学领域的急待解决的若干挑战性问题,以吸引更多研究者投身其中。

 

Abstract

The science of science (SOS) is a rapidly developing field which aims to understand, quantify and predict scientific research and the resulting outcomes. The problem is essentially related to almost all scientific disciplines and thus has attracted attention of scholars from different backgrounds. Progress on SOS will lead to better solutions for many challenging issues, ranging from the selection of candidate faculty members by a university to the development of research fields to which a country should give priority. While different measurements have been designed to evaluate the scientific impact of scholars, journals and academic institutions, the multiplex structure, dynamics and evolution mechanisms of the whole system have been much less studied until recently. In this article, we review the recent advances in SOS, aiming to cover the topics from empirical study, network analysis, mechanistic models, ranking, prediction, and many important related issues. The results summarized in this review significantly deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and statistical rules governing the science system. Finally, we review the forefront of SOS research and point out the specific difficulties as they arise from different contexts, so as to stimulate further efforts in this emerging interdisciplinary field.